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DNA profiling, DNA fingerprinting
Also known as forensic DNA typing. A technique used to differentiate between two individuals using only their DNA. It was invented by Sir Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester in 1985 and rapidly became popular with crime experts, who used it to match blood and other evidence to a suspect's DNA. The lab result is based on a lineup of CODIS markers in the U.S. and Britain and on a slightly different standard in Europe (ENFSI). CODIS markers are compared in paternity and other relationship testing.