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Did Neandertals Linger in Russia's Far North?

For more than 150,000 years, Neandertals had Europe's lush river valleys to themselves. Then, beginning about 40,000 years ago, modern humans swept in from Africa and the Near East, spreading rapidly from east to west. Soon, the archaeological evidence suggests, the Neandertals retreated to “refugia” in southern Europe, such as Spain and Portugal—their last holdouts before going extinct.

Or were they? On page 841, a research team claims that some of the last Neandertals may have taken refuge in the dark Arctic north rather than the sunny south. At the 32,000-year-old site of Byzovaya in Russia's Polar Ural Mountains, which at 65 degrees latitude is as far north as Iceland, archaeologists found stone tools they argue are typical of those long associated with Neandertals in Europe...

Read abstract.

Note: This may explain why Finno-Uralic is one of the strong contributors to a high score on our Neanderthal Index.

Byzovaya Cave in Russia's Polar Ural Mountains with Neanderthal artifacts.